Advanced Engineering Surveying (GLS 558) Syllabus Notes

     This syllabus is focused more on the operation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), deformation survey and  alignment of roads or road curves which designed based on the relationship between the design speed and curvature related with side friction and super elevation. The objective of this topic is to give an understanding the concept of GPR operating principle when handling the equipment during the observation. It gives a proper method to do the deformation and the objectives of this type of surveying as well as the importance of it in engineering concept. Other than that, it also provides the different type of road curve calculation based on the different angle is given. The notes for this syllabus are as follows:- 

Lecture Notes :

1. Ground Penetrating Radar
2. Deformation Survey
3. Triangulation and Trilateration
4. Managing Design
5. The Design of Highway Alignments
6. Horizontal Alignment
7. Geometric Design
8. Geometric Highway Design - Spiral Curve

Lab work and Practical :

1. Ground Penetrating Radar Lab
2. Deformation Survey Practical 

Deformation Survey - Advanced Engineering Surveying (GLS 558)

   Deformation survey or deformation monitoring is defined as the systematic measurement and tracking of the alteration in the shape or dimensions of an object as a result of stresses induced by applied loads. The causes for deformation survey are changes in the bedrock, increase or decrease weight, changes of the material properties or outside influences. Deformation survey has the technique, calculation and instrument needed to monitor those structures. There are three types of monitoring uses to monitor structure. They are permanent monitoring, semi – permanent monitoring and epoch monitoring . Permanent monitoring is a long term of monitoring or continuous monitoring. Its required permanent observation of a structure using permanently installed instruments with recording facilities. Semi – permanent monitoring is identical to permanent monitoring but differs in intervals between recordings. Epoch monitoring uses geodetic or photogrammetric methods to determine the relative and or absolute positions of object that being motorize in time. The purpose of deformation survey is to ensure that whether there are movements taking place on the monitor structure and is it still safe to be used.

Software Used :

Star*Net software 

Our Deformation Survey Report :

Practical 1 - Deformation Survey Report (GLS558)

Lab 3 Ground Penetrating Radar and Locator Practical - Advanced Engineering Surveying (GLS558)

    
  Ground Penetration Radar known as GPR equips with antenna which send electromagnetic waves into the subsurface. GPR works by detecting the reflected signal from the subsurface features. GPR system component includes antenna, control unit, and power supply parts. Various of features underground can be scanned by using this technique for example ice, fresh water, pipes, pavement, rock, soil. GPR equipment using high frequency of radio waves, commonly minimum from 10 megahertz up to 1 gigahertz. Whenever the energy touches the materials underground they will reflect back to receiver. The strength, amplitude and reflection energy is depending on the contrast in the conductivity between features. Features with high dielectric will slow down the radar wave and it cannot be penetrating further. Features with high conductivity will diffuse the signal rapidly while the non-conductor material will reflect the signal better.

    Locator is another device to locate the underground features or utilities. Locator works differently from GPR method because it only can detect metal objects underground. This device usually used for engineering purposes another important aspect of this locator is it can reduce the risk of any accident would happen during the survey. Active locating it is standard method to locate the underground utilities. By using locator system, it is help to do blind searchers, ground surveys and to confirm the location of underground utilities.

Practical Question :

Practical 03 Question - GPR and Locator

Series of Videos on GPR and Locator :

My Report and Answer :

Lab 3 GPR and Locator Report GLS558