Lab Exercise 2: Animated Cartogram - Geovisualization (GLS688)

   Cartogram is a unique type of map because it combines statistical information with geographic location. Physical or topographical maps show relative area, distance, and terrain, but they do not provide any data about the inhabitants of a place. Cartograms on the other hand take some measurable variable: total population, age of inhabitants, electoral votes, GDP, etc., and then manipulate a place’s area to be sized accordingly. The produced cartogram can really look quite different from the maps of cities, states, countries, and the world that are more recognizable. It all depends on how a cartographer needs or wants to display the information. Cartograms come in all shapes and sizes, literally, and with the continuous advances in technology of Geographic Information System(GIS) software. This post presents a rough idea of how one might create a cartogram using QGIS.

Data Download :

2010 Malaysia's Population By States

Procedure :

Step-by-Step Guide Creating Animated Cartogram

Project 1 : Interactive Animation and Web Mapping of Sabah Earthquake from 1970 to 2016 - Geovisualization (GLS688)

Map layers may contain temporal data an attribute field containing the date and time that something happened. These temporal events can occur in the same place, or can occur in different places, over the course of time.  In the web map, temporal data can be visualized using a time slider. The time slider provides controls to explore temporal data interactively and is available at the bottom of any map that contains enabled temporal layers. Time Aware is a configurable app template that enables users to visualize time-enabled layers. It enhances the temporal capabilities of the web map, and can be configured to display time-enabled web maps in different ways.

Data Download

Search Earthquake Catalog

Procedure :

Step-by-step Guide Creation of Animation of Sabah Earthquake

Lab Exercise 1: Mapping Burglary Hotspot in Shah Alam - Geovisualization (GLS688)

  Heatmaps are one of the best visualization tools for dense point data. Heatmaps are utilized to effectively recognize discover groups where there is a high convergence of movement. They are likewise valuable for doing cluster analysis and hotspot examination.

    We will work with a dataset of burglary activites in Shah Alam and find crime hotspots in the county by performing HotSpot or Cluster analysis on dense point data. It will answer the highest burglary hotspot in that location and which police jurisdiction need to improvise and develop more of its branches.

Data Download :

ShahAlamCrime.zip

Procedure :

Step-by-step guide Mapping Burglary Hotspot in Shah Alam

Visualize Bird Migration Data in QGIS - Geovisualization (GLS688)

    A common use case of the QGIS TimeManager plugin is visualizing tracking data such as animal migration data. This post illustrates the steps necessary to create an animation from bird migration data.

Data Download :

Migratory connectivity of purple martins (data from Fraser et al. 2016)

Procedure :

Step-by-step guide Visualize Bird Migration Data in QGIS

Lab 2 Creating Heatmaps using QGIS - Geovisualization (GLS688)

    Heatmaps are one of the best visualization tools for dense point data. Heatmaps are utilized to effectively recognize discover groups where there is a high convergence of movement. They are likewise valuable for doing cluster analysis and hotspot examination.

    We will work with a dataset of crime locations in Surrey, UK for the year 2011 and find crime hotspots in the county by performing HotSpot or Cluster analysis on dense point data. data.police.uk provides street-level crime, outcome, and stop and search data in simple CSV format. Download the data for Surrey Police and unzip the downloaded archive to extract the CSV file. 

Data Download :

2015-08-surrey-street.csv

Procedure : 

Step-by-step guide Creating Heatmap using QGIS

Lab 1 Revisit John Snow's Map 1854 using QGIS - Geovisualization (GLS 688)

    John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world.

     This QGIS tutorial walks through a John Snow's famous cholera investigation in Soho with a 3D surface using Qgis2threejs plug-in, raster creation tools and Spatial Analyst. There are multiple sources for the similar data used in this presentation, including data compiled by Robin Wilson.

Download Data Link :

SnowGIS_v2

Procedure :

Step-by-step guide John Snow Map

Final Result :

Trimble NavEdit Program @ HydroPRO Software

NavEdit is the graphical data visualization and cleaning tool that allows you to edit depth-related data such as recorded depth, heave, and tide. It is the link between the Navigation and Processing software components. This software developed too graphically and textually displays depth, heave, tide, and position information that has been acquired by the Navigation software. The NavEdit software creates an export file that can be imported directly into the Processing software

NavEdit is capable to provides hydrographic surveyors with the ability to view and edit depth and position data as well as the ability to edit individual depth and heave values. This program also able to plan View Map to provide graphically display the positional information and a Tide Editor tool that is used to create Tide files 

Once all the depth, heave, and position data has been checked and edited, the data is ready to be exported to the Processing software for final presentation and analysis.

Download Link :

NavEdit @ HydroPRO


Procedure and Manual Guide :

NavEdit Manual

Data Processing using Civil Design and Survey (CDS) Software

Civil Design and Survey (CDS) software is developed by Foresoft Pty Ltd Australia which consists of a suite of powerful design modules that interact seamlessly with the advanced digital terrain modelling and industrial strength CAD engines. It also gives you advanced design features and functionality to design roads, earthworks, sewer, stormwater and water networks. Together the modules combine to form an integrated design platform for civil engineering infrastructure as well as data gathering, drawing, and surface modelling.

CDS has been in use for over 15 years, that standard use as custom database. CDS Premium allows for future expansion as well as allowing to ‘add value’ by using common available tools such as Microsoft Access. CDS also incorporates a new display method in providing dynamic zoom and pan which is necessary to view larger data sets easily. It also make design of multiple road easier. Other than that, CAD also allow future add ons and enhancements.

CDS consist of tools that can design in 2 or 3 dimensional layer. In 2D arrangement are used in housing subdivision and industrial estates while roads and other facilities are designed in 3D. other than that, 3D design in CDS lets us combine individual point calculation at grade, string grading include vertical curves and templates with ‘ezi-sense’ that change ground conditions according to specific parameters. 

CDS also allow us to produce plats, subdivision layouts, annotated contour plans, profiles and section drawings directly to any Windows printing device. In addition, CDS also can insert borders, text, and symbols onto the plan within Ezicad before printing. We can also create a DWG file for further enhancement in any compatible CAD package.

Download link :

Civil Design and Survey.exe (Trial 60 days)


CDS Manual and Guide :

1. Manual T-Com and CDS Software
2. Data Transfer and CDS Step-by-Step Guide
3. Data Processing in CDS

Geodetic Datum Transformation System (GDTS) - Hydrographic Surveying (GLS 614)

   
Geodetic system is a coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used to locate places on the earth. Datums are used in geodesy, navigation, and surveying by cartographers and satellite navigation systems to translate positions indicated on maps to their real position on earth. Each starts with an ellipsoid and then defines latitude, longitude and altitude coordinates. The difference in co-ordinates between datums is commonly referred to as datum shift. Because the Earth is an imperfect ellipsoid, localised datums can give a more accurate representation of the area of coverage.

   In surveying and geodesy, a datum is a reference system or an approximation of the Earth's surface against which positional measurements are made for computing locations. Horizontal datums are used for describing a point on the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system. Vertical datums are used to measure elevations or underwater depths. Generally, especially in survey life the coordinate system need to change especially we conduct a survey in different place with different coordinate system to match the data and to gain the good result.

Software Used :

1. GDTS 4.1 
2. GPSCAS 1.02

Our Report and Procedure :

GDTS Report - Hydrographic Surveying

Lab 4B Line Map Compilation, Orthorectification and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) - Advanced Photogrammetry (GLS 615)

The aim of this lab is to produce a Orthophoto Images and a Line Map by using a DEM concept. Orthophotographs are photographic images constructed from vertical or near-vertical aerial photographs, such that the effects of central perspective, relief displacement, and tilt are (practically) removed. Orthophoto can be obtained by resampling aerial image with fiducial marks. It can be used as base map because it has all the original features in the image. Plus, orthophoto also can be used to measure true distance of features within the image. Orthophoto in digital can be generates using images from aerial and space borne sensors. Orthophoto is used for it increased availability of digital data, easier acquisition of input data, powerful computers that can store data and increased of demand of up to date maps.


Software used:

PHOTOMOD 5.0 Lite

My report and procedure:

1. Lab 4b Line Map Compilation, Orthorectification and DEM
2. Line Map
3. Digital Elevation Model

Advanced Cadastral Surveying (GLS 559) Syllabus Notes

This syllabus cover the topics from control survey for cadastral work, strata title survey, stratum title survey, Marine cadastre, Licensed Land Surveyors Act 1958 (Act 458) & Licensed Land Survey Regulations 2011, Cadastral System (including e-cadastre), Director General of Survey and Mapping Circulars and current issues in cadastre.


Lecture notes: 

1. Cadastral Concept
2. e-Cadastral
3. Strata Title Survey
4. Building and Common Property Act
5. Types of Measurement in Strata Scheme
6. Strata Plan
7. Unit Share
8. Stratum
9. Marine Cadastral Concept
10. Marine Cadastral
11. Licensed Land Surveyor Act
12. Survey Costing

Other References :

1. Pekeliling KPUP (2009) - eKadaster
2. Pekeliling KPUP (2009) - Peraturan Ukur Kadaster
3. Pekeliling KPUP (2015) - Strata 1
4. Pekeliling KPUP (2015) - Strata 2
5. Pekeliling KPUP (2006) - Stratum
6. Licensed Land Surveyor Act 1958

Lab 4a Aerial Triangulation - Advanced Photogrammetry (GLS 615)

  Aerial triangulation is a mathematical process of establishing precise and accurate relationships between the images coordinate system and defined datum and projection on the ground. The main objective of aerial triangulation is to produce from ground control point and any other sufficient points in the photogrammetric model to make sure for each model can be oriented accurately as required for stereopair compilation in either orthophoto or line mapping. The process uses all possible overlaps image with a few number of reference points. There are mainly three stages of aerial triangulation, one of them is preparation by making point identification of ground control point, numbering of points, images and strips, and the flight details such as photo coordinate, camera calibration and scanned or digital images. Second, Interior orientation is important to relate aerial image to the object on the ground which used to determine the fiducial marks measurement for cameras. Then, relative orientation is made followed by block adjustment where it includes algorithm for determination of blunders and error propagation.

Software used:

PHOTOMOD 5.0 Lite

My report and procedure:

Lab 4a Aerial Triangulation

Advanced Engineering Surveying (GLS 558) Syllabus Notes

     This syllabus is focused more on the operation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), deformation survey and  alignment of roads or road curves which designed based on the relationship between the design speed and curvature related with side friction and super elevation. The objective of this topic is to give an understanding the concept of GPR operating principle when handling the equipment during the observation. It gives a proper method to do the deformation and the objectives of this type of surveying as well as the importance of it in engineering concept. Other than that, it also provides the different type of road curve calculation based on the different angle is given. The notes for this syllabus are as follows:- 

Lecture Notes :

1. Ground Penetrating Radar
2. Deformation Survey
3. Triangulation and Trilateration
4. Managing Design
5. The Design of Highway Alignments
6. Horizontal Alignment
7. Geometric Design
8. Geometric Highway Design - Spiral Curve

Lab work and Practical :

1. Ground Penetrating Radar Lab
2. Deformation Survey Practical 

Cadastral Surveying 3 (SUG 310) Syllabus Notes

   This syllabus includes control survey for cadastral work, strata title survey, stratum title survey, a survey using the total station system, Cadastral Data Base System (SPDK), survey for township including building and industrial land, Director General of Survey and Mapping Circulars and current issues. The objective is to explain and describe the various cadastral control survey regarding cadastral survey work and procedures as practiced in Malaysia. Next, it conduct and operate the various cadastral control surveys methods in cadastral surveying. It also be able to choose a proper method to do the observations in cadastral surveying.

Lecture Notes :

1. Control and Standard Survey
2. Control Survey for Cadastral Work
3. Survey Frame
4. Strata Title Survey
5. Strata
6. Strata Title Scheme
7. Unit Share
8. Strata Application
9. Subdivision of Buildings - Division and Amalgamation of Parcels
10. Commissioner of Building, Joint Management Body and Management Cooperation
11. Application for Subdivision of a Building or Land
12. Strata Plan
13. Preparation of Layout Plan
14. Field to Finish (F2F) Concept
15. Stratum - Disposal of Underground Land

Spatial Analysis & Management in GIS (SUG 335) Syllabus Notes

   This syllabus will expose  to various types of data analysis available in GIS and how GIS can be used as analytical modeling tools to solve various applications. It will provide the understanding on various data of analysis types and operations available in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well as the differences between analysis based on vector and raster data. Additionally, it also may gives a general idea of how analytical modeling can be carried out in GIS and the way the spatial model can be used in various applications. This might help on how a GIS project be designed and managed.

Lecture Notes : 

1. Introduction to Spatial Analysis
2. Common GIS Tools
3. Map Overlay
4. Surface Analysis
5. Network Analysis
6. Analytical Modelling in GIS

Fundamental of Geographical Information System (SUG 332) Syllabus Notes

    This syllabus introduces  the basic concept of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and its utility in geospatial disciplines. It will be equipped with the basic skills on operating the basic GIS functions and exposed to the fundamentals step in constructing a basic GIS database. This will provide an understanding of GIS fundamentals elements. Furthermore, it will apply knowledge and skills to operate a GIS software as well as developing a basic GIS database using GIS software. 

Lecture Notes :

1. Concept and Principle of GIS
2. Geographical Data Concept
3. Hardware and Software
4. GIS Data Sources, Collection and Integration
5. Building the GIS Database
6. GIS Database Development
7. Application of GIS
8. The Future of GIS

Geodetic Studies (SUG 270) Syllabus Notes

What is Geodesy?

     Geodesy is the science of the measurement and mapping of the earth’s surface as well as concerned with the exact positioning of points on the surface of the Earth. It also involves the study of variations of the Earth’s gravity, the application of these variations to exact measurements on the Earth, and the study of the exact size and shape of the Earth. Geodesy plays an active role in the geomatics that includes the disciplines of land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, hydrographic surveying, cartography, engineering surveying, geographic information science, and geospatial computing.

Madam Adila's Notes :

1. Introduction and Reference Surfaces in Geodesy
2. Computation on Ellipsoid
3. Coordinates System in Malaysia
4. Satellite Positioning Technology
5. Basic Statistic

En Najib's Notes :

1. Introduction to Geodesy
2. Coordinates System in Malaysia
3. Datum Transformation
4. Global Navigation System (GNSS)
5. GPS Overview
6. GPS Observation Technique
7. GPS Heighting
8. Biases and Errors
9. GPS Calibration
10. Radii of Curvature
11. Meridian Ellipse Coordinates
12. Cartesian and Curvilinear Coordinates
13. Calculation on Ellipsoid

Advanced Geodesy (GLS 611) Syllabus Notes

    This syllabus introduces the students to the latest technology in surveying data acquisition and data processing for control surveying purposes. The course gives an extends on students knowledge on positioning methodology and coordinate transformation software. It consists of Physical Geodesy and Satellite Geodesy. The first section covers the study of the physical properties of the gravity field and its geodetic applications. The second section of the course focuses on positioning from artificial Earth's satellite. This syllabus will provide an understanding on the basic concepts of physical geodesy and extend the knowledge into surveying and mapping. Additionally, it will have sufficient theoretical and practical background of space positioning techniques.

Lecture Notes :

• Physical Geodesy

1. Overview of Physical Geodesy
2. The Gravity Field of Earth
3. Anomalous Gravity Field, Geoid Undulation, and Deflection of Vertical
4. Gravity Measurement and Reduction
5. Heights Above Sea Levels
6. Potential of Sphere

• Satellite Geodesy

1. Introduction to Satellite Geodesy
2. Overview of Satellite Positioning Technique
3. The Global Positioning System 1
4. The Global Positioning System 2

Lab 5 Accuracy Assessment - Remote Sensing (GLS 612)

    Accuracy assessment is performed by comparing the two different maps created from remote sensing analysis to a reference map based on the different source. The important of accuracy assessment and error analysis is to permit the quantitative comparisons of different interpretations. In order to compared, the map need to be evaluated and the reference map, both must be accurately registered geometrically to each other. They also must use the same classification scheme and they should have been classified at the same level of detail. This type of assessment is called site-specific accuracy which is based on a comparison of the two maps at specific location for example; individual pixels in two digital images. In this type of comparison, it is clearly that the degree to which the pixels in one image spatially align with the pixels in the second image contributes to the accuracy assessment result. Errors in classification should be distinguished from errors in registration or positioning of boundaries. Another useful form of site-specific accuracy assessment is to compare field data or training data at a number of locations within the image, similar to the way spatial accuracy assessment using ground checkpoints is performed for digital orthophotos and terrain models.


My Lab 5 Report :

Lab 5 Accuracy Assessment (GLS 612)

Hands On Test (Georeferencing and Spatial Adjustment) - Geographic Information System (GLS 613)

    This hands-on test were focused more on Georeferencing and Spatial Adjustment using ArcGIS software. By providing a raster map image and spatial data, we were suppose to do these operations by using GIS tools with the guidance of manual step-by-step in those two analyses. After the operation is completed, we were supposed to answer the question on the question paper.

Sofware Used :

ArcGIS 10.4

Question and Spatial Data :

Hands On Test Question

Report and Answers :

Georeferencing and Spatial Adjustment Test